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61.
- 1. Shellfish mariculture is increasing worldwide and often occurs adjacent to marine mammal breeding and feeding habitat. To better understand breeding pinniped vulnerability to potential shellfish mariculture disturbance and displacement effects in a US National Park, potential mechanisms were explored that may affect the proportion of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) selecting high quality haul‐out sites near shellfish aquaculture within a large colony, and overall seal utilization of that colony in relation to other regional colonies.
- 2. Seal haul‐out sites isolated from the mainland (no predator access) had higher pup:adult ratios, indicating they are generally more important for pupping. Short‐term human disturbance did not have a significant effect on spatial use, but rather spatial use was pre‐determined by general sandbar isolation. Using multiple competing hypothesis and an information‐theoretic approach, it was found that within the estuary, after removing effects of El Niño, the proportion of seals (total seals and pups only) hauled out near mariculture sites was 8 ± 2% lower during years of higher oyster harvest. Annual oyster harvest was used as a measure of aquaculture activity that could result in direct disturbance or indirect displacement of harbour seals.
- 3. At the regional scale, oyster harvest, seal counts at a nearby colony, and loss of a major haul‐out site within the estuary, best explained pup and total seal use compared with the region. Regional population size, short‐term human disturbance rate, and other factors were not important. Concurrent with higher oyster harvest, the proportion of regional seals using the estuary declined by 7 ± 2% for seal pups (–65 ± 18 total pups), and 5 ± 2% for total counts ( ? 192 ± 58 total seals). These findings (both within the estuary and at the regional scale) were essentially identical whether modelling oyster harvest as either a continuous or categorical (low/high) variable and when using either frequentist or Bayesian statistical analyses.
- 4. Marine reserves set aside for wildlife may be less effective when the highest quality breeding and pupping sites are adjacent to regular aquaculture activities. These effects may not be detectable until additional natural variation lowers the quality of nearby habitats. Published in 2011. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
62.
Dick与Steffee手术治疗胸腰椎骨折脱位椎弓根钉定位方法的改进 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:寻找治疗胸腰椎骨折脱位更安全、更完善的椎弓根钉定位方法。方法:在标准定位法的基础上,设计一种综合定位法进行椎弓根钉定位。结果:综合定位法可显著提高椎弓根钉定位的准确性、安全性,且解决了标准定位法所不能解决的定位问题。结论:综合定位法效果良好,无1例感染及神经损伤、症状加重等并发症发生。 相似文献
63.
广义力学系统的Lie对称性定理及其逆定理 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
乔永芬 《东北农业大学学报》2000,31(3):275-279
根据广义力学中 Lagrange方程在无限小群变换下的不变性 ,给出 L agrange系统的 L ie对称性定理及其逆定理。并举例说明结果的应用 相似文献
64.
在向量球对称分布的基础上研究了与向量球对称分布有关的一类广义χ2分布和二次型分布,并给出了χ2分布的密度函数及其数学期望和方差。 相似文献
65.
66.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(6):491-500
Abstract The effect of different cleaning treatments on moose (Alces alces L.) damage to Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) was examined using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with a binomial response (logit-link function). The treatments were the following: no cleaning, point-cleaning of broadleaves (mainly birch, Betula pendula Roth and B. pubescens Ehrh.) within a radius of 1 m from the pine, point-cleaning delayed 2 years, topping of competing broadleaves (main stem cut at a height of 1.3 m) and total cleaning of broadleaves. A randomized complete block design with three replicates was established in three planted pine stands (mean height of pines 1.5 m). Measurements taken four growing seasons later (mean height of pines 3.5 m) showed that all cleaning treatments reduced moose damage, although the difference was not significant (p=0.078) in the case of topping. The proportion of damaged pines was predicted as a function of the characteristics of pines and broadleaves in two untreated, planted pine stands with a height of 3 m. Within these untreated stands the number of damaged pines increased in plots with a higher number of broadleaves and taller broadleaves. In conclusion, the results show that on relatively fertile growing sites of pine cleaning treatments reduced moose damage on pine. It is recommended that cleaning is performed before broadleaved trees occur as overgrowth above pines. 相似文献
67.
基于两体束缚问题的数值求解,给出了在Mathematica 5.0中求解广义矩阵本征值方法的两种程序方案与高斯基个数及形状的关联.以氢原子和Cornell势场下粲偶素为例,讨论了高斯基空间的选择,并得到符合标准能谱及波函数的数值计算结果. 相似文献
68.
给出非线性二阶阻尼微分方程新的振动准则,它们仅依赖于区间[t0,∞)的某些子区间序列的信息,不需要依赖于整个半直线,所得结果推广和改进了某些最近的结果. 相似文献
69.
主要证明随机的广义Ginzburg-Landau方程的解生成一个随机动力系统,该动力系统在L2中存在紧的随机吸引子. 相似文献
70.
将广义线性混合模型(GLMM)引入动物离散性状的遗传分析及个体的遗传评定,初步比较了GLMM方法与一般线性方法(LM)的估计效果。模拟研究的性状为单阈值二项分类性状,选用的连接函数为对数连接μi=eη/(1+eη),方差函数为V(μi)=μ(i1-μi)/n,试验设计为全同胞-半同胞混合家系,参数估计采用Fisher迹法。结果表明:GLMM方法能较准确地估计公畜的个体育种值,在个体的遗传评定效果方面要明显优于常规的线性方法,其预测的育种值排序结果与真实育种值的排序之间存在极显著的相关性(P<0.001)。 相似文献